Nutrients

N Nitrogen
P Phosphorus
K Potassium
Mg Magnesium
Ca Calcium
B Boron
Cu Copper
Fe Iron
Mn Manganese
Zn Zinc

Citrus - Deformation

Symptoms
Copper deficient plants show dark green and enlarged leaves. Sterns are more slender than normal and appear flat and angular. Limbs die back and gumming may occur under new bark or on fruits. Symptoms are more prominent in young citrus.

Reasons
Copper deficiency. Symptoms of copper deficiency are rarely seen where copper based fungicides are applied.

Citrus - Deformation

Symptoms
Stems of copper deficient plants are more slender than normal and appear flat and angular. Limbs die back and gumming may occur under new bark or on fruits. Symptoms are more prominent in young citrus.

Reasons
Copper deficiency on citrus. Symptoms of copper deficiency are rarely seen where copper based fungicides are applied.

Copper deficiency on orange made worse by

  • Organic soils
  • Calcareous soils
  • Sandy soils
  • Reclaimed heathland
  • High nitrogen applications

Copper is important for

  • Young trees come into production more rapidly
  • Vegetative growth is more even
  • Large foliage area (leaf number) maintained
  • Fruit mature better (flavour and juice levels enhanced)
  • Premature fruit drop prevented
  • Fruit skin-quality is much improved